By
José Luis Pascual Blázquez ã September 2005
Abstract. Introduction. Climatic Variability and prediction. The climatic crisis of XX century. Introductory Cases. Searching
" new ways ". Principle
of uniqueness and resonance. Planets
like oscillators. Correlation
between climatic variability and astronomical cycles.
Inductive planetary configurations.
Physical meaning of the " planetary aspects ". Global effect
and local effect. Recommended readings. Notes.
Abstract
In this article we ask ourselves about the possibility to forecast
climatic spells by means of astronomical markers. It would seem a revolutionary,
maybe an absurd proposal, but the only way to find out it is to go into the
matter.
Indeed, we propose a new way to work and we have got good reasons to do
it, the more evident, the failure of numerical models and limitations of global
phenomena like El Niño (E.N.S.O.), North Atlantic Oscillation, etc. in long
range forecast. We will apply
solids principles, like uniqueness in Nature and resonance, against separativity
and reductionism, usually employed in scientific research.
The planetary effect is extremely weak, but only in quantitative
terms; due to this reason, some people thinks is negligible.
In fact, planetary factors have been introduced into equations, without
any variations in final solutions. But
we think this fact maybe an evidence of the limitations in this way to work; an
accumulative effect could exist, so difficult or impossible to enter in
equations and numerical models.
So, we can go into the to matter about long range forecast all through
different methods than usually, perhaps through a worldwide vision, considering
the Solar System like a total and unique entity where all parts - conceptual
parts, that only exists in our minds – acts and interacts with accurate
solidarity and interactivity. Very small parameters could play an important and
decisive role: we call them
astronomical markers.
Introduction
Meteorology presents today excellent proposals in the short term weather
forecast; but also it is well known
that, beyond of two days, the solutions of numerical models are little
trustworthy and the hopes to improve in the long term are little.
Today, meteorologist are capable of generic seasonal predictions (temperatures
and precipitations average), which supposes a remarkable qualitative jump;
but even so, the long term weather forecast continues being a problem
without definite o partial solution.
One of the main difficulties lay down in the fact that the atmosphere
behaves like a chaotic system, which drastically limits the value of the
equations that are introduced in great computers. Some think that the more data
and the more exact are those that are given to the machines, the more close we
will be of the final solution. In
Meteorology we are in front of a determinism question, as it already happened to
the investigators of the atomic world at the beginning of century XX
As opposed to this bleak panorama, talking about climatic variability, we
think that the problem can be investigated by other ways different from used by
the meteorologists at the moment. The
evolution of the Physics and science in general during the last decades allows
us to make some proposals that years ago could be considered bold or absurd. We
are talking about investigate the problem of long term prediction by means of
global considerations, that is, influential astronomical conditions. We will
justify the reason immediatelly.
We have a precedent in the Theory of Milankovitch, that interprets the
great climatic changes - freezings, defrostings, etc. - through the variations
of the Earth orbit (inclination of the axis, transfering of the line of apsids
and precession of equinoxes, all of them factors of long period (1) and
apparently separated of the causes of climate).
We can ask ourselves if climatic variability is interpretable also
through connected astronomical markers with it, as they are the planetary cycles
within the Solar System (corresponding resonant periods).
The quantitative weakness of the planetary influence may suggests at
first that it could be negligible and we could ignore it without consequences
for any mathematical model. In fact, numerical astronomical parameters have been
introduced in the equations of the models and treated by big computers; like it
was expected, so weak factors actually do not vary the value of final results.
But take this as a demonstration that the planetary effect does not exist,
or believe that we can ignore it without any consequence, it would be a mistaken
conclusion. We thought that we would commit an enormous error in all orders -
philosophical, logical, scientific, etc. -. We
are going to try to explain the reason.
Climatic variability and prediction
The annual climatic cycle is consequence of the turn of the Earth around
the Sun and daily rotation; the combined effect of the of both movements,
together with the differential heating (different inclination from rays of the
Sun on each terrestrial latitude, difference of heat capacity between continents
and the oceans, etc.) causes the general circulation of the atmosphere, with its
cyclonal and anticyclonic cells, Jet Stream, Intertropical Convergence Zone, etc., on which also the ocean
streams exert their influence.
The global result is the sequence of diverse climatic scenes
characteristic in each latitude and zone of the planet throughout the cycle of
365 days. In order to study
climatic variability we can suppose first the orbit Earth and the solar climate
stables, without any change. If so, we can ask ourselves:
if the causes of annual climatic cycle are equal every year, what can we
attribute that for a concrete zone of the planet there are years drier or humid
than others, that zonal circulation descend more or less in autumn and winter
along the years, that from time to time an anticyclone is anchored during weeks
or months in a position blocking the passage to the storms or forcing them to
circulate along certain unusually “corridors ", etc.?
A possible answer is that the exciting cause, the Earth orbital motion,
generates a series of internal rhythms in oceans and the atmosphere, causing
therefore well definite climatic trends in every place. We could get
satisfaction with this hypothesis, but we would not solve anything and we would
return to be as we were.
But... are we completely
sure that the cause of the annual climatic cycle and of its variability year to
year resides exclusively in the Earth orbital motion?
We know that to propose lunar and planetary influences it sounds to
astrology, to popular beliefs and superstition.
We want to remember here that in years 30 and 40 of century XX
meteorologists had great hopes in the study of this type of influences - solar
activity, planetary and lunar gravitation when tried to explain the problem of
climatic spells (International Congress of Cosmobiology celebrated in Nize in
June of 1938, that reunited astronomers, meteorologists, physicists, engineers,
etc.). (2) And,
nevertheless... can we remove the
scissors and cut the Nature by where we want like a negligent surgeon? Will not we be denaturing the problem when separating the
Earth and the Sun of the rest of elements of the Solar System, that behaves like
an unique and inseparable set complex? When
reducing the climate to the interaction between two only bodies of that
machinery that works integrated, shared in common and interactively, will not we
be losing in such way something that we did not have expected, simplifying the
problem and obtaining a simple cartoon?
We have a point of comparison in the role that oligoelements plays in the
soil (Agronomy), in the catalysts of chemical reactions and enzymes in the alive
beings (Biochemical). The presence
of oligoelements in the soil, although in lowest amounts, is fundamental in
Agriculture, and also in feeding. Deficiencies of boron, manganese, etc. in a
soil can cause disastrous in harvests; although the fundamental elements for
plants are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in Agronomy exists the “law of
the minimum”: the production is
limited by the element that is in smaller amount, even if this one is an
oligoelement. And the same we see
in superior animals: although the basic feeding is constituted by proteins,
lipids and glucids, the presence in lowest amounts of zinc, cupper, vitamins,
etc. is fundamental and its deficiency can cause alterations of health no
proportional to the necessary daily minimum doses of these substances.
Something insinuates to us that similar circumstances can also occur in
the development of climatic spells respect to some planetary cycles, by weak
that can be the luminosity or gravity from a planet respect to other parameters
(annual solar cycle, etc.).
First we are going to see when the more extreme climatic spells occurred
in century XX, trying to find out if they corresponded with key points of the
planetary cycles. We know that
already in this century we were immersed in a great climatic crisis, but we will
deal exclusively with variability. Of
course, although we look for astronomical correlations with local climatic
trends, if our hypothesis is viable, the great events of the sky will go even to
more or less dramatic and global climatic situations, that will be embodied of
very diverse way of Earth places to others (simultaneous floods in zones,
droughts in others, etc., but extreme in both cases).
The climatic crisis of century XX
Case 1.1. Climacterical
conjunction, beginning of C-800
December 21th
1980; 18:09 GMT
For Astrometeorology the climatic crisis of century XX is
signified by the conjunction that Jupiter and Saturn made to 9° of Libra at the end of 1980. We are dealing
here with an ancient doctrine which we know in Western World through the Persian
astrologer Abumassar (787-886), On the great conjunctions. (3) This
conjunction had climacterical characteristics, like all those that take place
near the equinoctial points (0 ° Aries
and 0 ° Libra),
beginning with it a cycle of 800 years of duration.
Kepler, little suspicious personage for the modern Physics, describes it
in detail in his work Mysterium Cosmographicum (The
Secret of the Universe). (4) We
find a previous critical important point of similar characteristic in century
XII, beginning of a tempered period, with the Small Glacial Age of century XVII
like centre (opposition point) of this C-800.
The climatic crisis of century XX has been studied by the canary
meteorologist Innocencio Font Tullot, who died in
Logically, the crisis (transformation of the implied systems) extends to
the years previous and later to the main point (1980-81) within the subcycles of
simple conjunctions of 20 years of period, and to the ones of third order, that
are repeated to only 9 ° of
distance of the previous ones (C-
All climatic studies that we make of centuries XX and XXI in relation to
the influence of elements of the Solar System, we will have to fit them within
these facts.
Introductory cases
Case 1.2. The great
stellium of century XX
February 5th 1962
00:10 GMT Madrid (
Maybe this is the most notable celestial figure of century XX;
in fact, during the previous days there was a journalistic commotion
anywhere in the world. The news ran
like gunpowder when some Indian astrologers announced the end of the World
because of this exceptional figure. Similar predictions propagated by all
medieval and Renaissance
Usually this type of prognoses is totally mistaken, and, when the
exceptional fact happens, nobody had announced anything.
But, perhaps, more than mistaken, we may say disproportioned.
Let us see the climatic information that we have about the next months to
this stellium in Aquarius. Of course, we do not find anything
extraordinary in the next immediately days, but in successive months (inertia of
the resonant terrestrial systems with planetary cycles).
We think that phenomena of accumulation in the next months could have had
relation with the tragic floods of Vallés (Catalonia, in Spain) the days 25 and
26 of September 1962, that were only the beginning of a period of exceptional
autumnal rains in Eastern Catalonia that extended until the decade of 70’s (6)
. Rains of these days had
torrential character in Eastern Vallés, Baix Llobregat, and Maresme (
December 25th 1962
In January 1963 the
The winter 1962-1963 was the coldest in the
Are bound these phenomena to the stellium of
Aquarius that we can see in the figure? For
ancient doctrines there is no doubt, since a celestial configuration of this
type dominates the cosmic panorama during a long period, until the energy
accumulated for it dissipates and a new one with different consequences replaces
it.
Case 1.3. The drought of
the
December 19th 1979 8:24 GMT (
June 12th 1980
20:39 GMT (
One of the more severe droughts that whipped the
Winter 1980-81 was described as " extraordinarily dry ",
followed of a rainy period in March (locally intense rains in the East).
From 6th to 21th
of June 1981 there was an
intense heat wave, the more hard of the century until that date. Autumn 1981 was
probably the driest of the last 200 years, and only at the end of December
intense rains fell.
In the figure of December 19th
1979 the three superior planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, are in the sign of
Virgo. Such configuration is called bay the Book
of the Crosses “burnings”:
Know that droughts and diminutions of waters have two meanings.
One of them is the “burning” of the superior planets, that is,
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars and the Sun, already described it in the beginning of the
book, according to the opinion of the wise people on whom it is based.
It is spoken of it when the four mentioned planets are in a triplicity,
all together in a sign or distributed by the signs of that triplicity.
This is what these wise people call “burning” of planets.
When thus they appear, it means great dryness and diminution of waters,
and if so burning takes place in winter, it means strong cold, snows and many
frosts in the heart of the station, that are 40 days, 20 last of December and 20
first days of January.
If burning of planets takes place in summer, it means great heats and
great dryness in the dog days, that
are the 20 last days of July and the 20 first days of August.
Know that the more strong burning and with the meaning most powerful
is the one than it takes place in the triplicity of Fire or Air, since when the
four superior planets are in Fire or Air signs, it means great loss of life,
many diseases and epidemics, and much badly by all earth and places, many fights
and conflicts, battles between men
and people, wasting of villas and places. Mainly
these things will occur in places where signs occupied by the planets have
rulership.
If the four planets were together in a sign, they will correspond all
these evils to the villa signified by this sign, and that villa will be fought
by each part until being destroyed. But when this burning of four planets takes
place in the triplicity of Earth or Water, it does not mean so much badly nor so
many damages, but that it is related to rains and waters. (9)
In the figure of new moon previous to the entrance of the astronomical
summer 1980 it continues the situation of burning with the three superior
planets in Virgo; that is, the stellium had a long duration. This is very
important from the influential point of view. In fact, this drought was one of
the worse ones of century XX for the Iberian territory.
Case 1.4. Spanish record
of rainfall in a day and flood of
September 23th 1957
19:19 GMT
October 8th 1957 21:43 GMT
Valencians usually say that, in his country, “when it rains, he does
not know to rain”. In
Mediterranean Spanish, months of drought they can be followed by torrential and
until tropical rainfalls. The
absolute records of rainfall do not occur in
In the Iberian Mediterranean coasts the only significant rains of the
year take place with East wind. It
is enough that it blows of this direction so that the abundant humidity that
accumulates the air of this closed sea collapses on the abutments of next
mountains. The phenomenon worsens
when in the high layers of the atmosphere there is cold air, or some bubble of The
Jet Stream is falling
apart of the general flow and, erratic, rambles by our latitudes.
If reaches to the Iberian East the thermal gradient is enormous (the
If we looked the celestial figures corresponding to the rainfall record
of Jávea and the tragic flood of the
That an inferior planet goes from a superior to another we can see it in
multiple cases of study.
Searching
for " new ways "
The examples that we finished putting are an introductory advance to seed
the doubt in the reader, to whom in principle we suppose sceptical - and perhaps
he has good reasons for it -. In fact, which we are proposing does not
constitute no newness, nor has the smaller originality.
An ample bibliography exists on the subject, so well known by the
historians of science as ignored by the scientific community.
In Spain we have the Book of the Crosses, already mentioned,
Castilian translation of a series of manuscripts that circulated along Al
Andalus, coming from North Africa, which dedicates an important part of its
content to the prediction of droughts, heats, hail stones, appearance of
lobsters, floods, times of abundance and scarcity, etc., by means of
astronomical markers (the " crossings ", immediately we will speak of
them).
In this work, the more remarkable astronomical markers are the superior
planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, indeed the ones that by their distance to the
Earth seem of weaker and improbable influence in principle (we repeat once
again, exclusively from the quantitative point of view, that is, applying a more
or less linear logic).
The works of translation were made in
Such system of prediction was used by the nomads from North African
steppes, very sensible populations to the whims of climate in as barren regions
as those. The historian Juan Vernet thinks that he is quite previous to
the Arab expansion, and supposes that its origin come from the lowlatin period. (11)
We can think that medieval North African nomads, as peasants in general,
would be practical people and hardly they would deceive themselves by
trivialities or unfounded histories.
In fact, the system of the crossings constitutes the development of the
great conjunctions, that we know through the Persian astrologer Abumassar, and
was very used by the Arabs when they were the intellectual head of the known
world. Medieval Europeans looked for this type of works, specially
in Spanish territories just released of the Arab dominion, because such
knowledge constituted the most advanced of the science at this time.
The Book of the Crosses was
published again during century XX, and now the original manuscript is available
in digital edition www.bne.es
Unfortunately, only linguists are interested in this type of works;
nevertheless, they contain a doubtless scientific value, that we thought
is useful and he must update so that the old tree can give new fruits.
This type of science became obsolete between centuries XVII and XVIII,
with the abandonment of aristotelian physics and the sprouting of a new one with
the works of
We can read mentioned works now in diverse European languages, because
they are reedited with certain frequency, and state through them that the great
thinker, as any other scientist of its time or of other ancestors, considered
the Solar System a unique machinery in which all their constituent elements work
in an integrated manner; particularly,
in this way to see the world, it is the turn of skies (planetary spheres) the
cause of multiple terrestrial events (among them the weather). It is known that Kepler published every year an astronomical
almanac where she provided weather forecasts; it has said that he did by
economic necessity and he hated the inclusion of such prognoses, and, although
it can have some precise reason (Kepler had a very bitter character), such
affirmation is denied through the general reading of its works (De
fundamentis astrologiae certioribus (13) etc.); in the
almanac for 1602 invited the readers to contrast his prognoses with reality.
Kepler tried to find a mathematical model of the Solar System that
explained the existing relation - well known and stated through observation -
between the planetary movement and certain terrestrial events, among them the
development of climatic sequences. For
it Kepler applied the knowledge of his time - musical theory, that is, Physics
of the Sound, harmonic proportions and Geometry of Euclides -; due to such
limitations, from the present point of view, his proposals, as the one of fitted
regular platonic bodies between the planetary spheres, or the quantification of
the " planetary aspects ", are insufficient, because, dealing with
waves, Kepler was lacked of the mathematical apparatus necessary to do it.
We do not have that deficiency now, but we do not know if a new
undulatory model of the Solar System is attainable, in analogy to which already
it has been made within the world of atoms and molecules.
Nevertheless, we can understand and update from a new point of view some
of the ideas of the scientists of past centuries. Some remained run aground in the aristotelian, now obsolete
world, or in the simple empiricism; but
we have capacity sufficient to give a new return to the crank of the knowledge.
Principle of unit and resonance
In any ancient text we can find the concept of " planetary orbit
" since we do at the present time. Astronomical texts previous to the
Newtonian Mechanics distinguish clearly the " body " of a planet of
their " sphere ", even in the case of Copernicus and the first
heliocentrists. (14) Within
the aristotelian scheme of the world the " sphere " is considered
solid and transparent, and its turn it drags with himself the material body of
the corresponding planet, Sun and Moon included.
Aristotle talks of "
separated intelligences " (15) to
describe its influence, in the sense that there is " order " in the
turn of the planets and its skies, or, as now we could say, a " codified
information ".
On another scale we have a
resemblance in the world of atoms, where we found that each particle also
behaves like a wave; when these are organized to overlap themselves in an atomic
structure, we spoke at the moment of " energy levels ", hierarchized
in “shells”. The number of these and its electronic configuration
allow us to explain the physical and chemical properties observed in each
element. Peculiarly, the number of electronic levels in atoms also is seven, and
therefore, also seven the number of periods in the Table of Chemical Elements.
After Einstein, waves and particles are manifestations of a unique
reality, the " field "; the same it can occur in the Solar System:
the grouping of the mass in planet, satellites, belts of asteroid, rings,
etc., reveals to us the places where the gravitational field intensifies, that
is to say, a well organized structure of a set of forces that work as a whole,
where each part is connected to others by principles of harmony and resonance
among them.
When particles are organized in stars to form atoms from the plasma, they
appear the " energy levels ", that is to say, the stratification and
quantification of mass and energy directed by a certain " information
", always present in each point of the Cosmos.
Each atom (chemical element) constitutes an individuality, that is
repeated cyclically (Periodic Table in Chemistry, " families " of
elements).
A similar organization is observed in the formation of the Solar System
from the cosmic dust and mass in inform state:
this one begins to turn around an accidental accumulation
(heterogeneity), separating slowly in rings to quantified distances and with
periods equally determined, from which the planets arise, and in them the atomic
and molecular complexity, and, finally, if adapted conditions occur, spring the
phenomenon of the life. We are
interested to establish here that, as much in atoms as in the Solar System, each
particle it undergoes the influence of the others and influences also the rest.
For that reason the part is looked as a whole and vice versa. If we can
generalize the laws of a part of the universe to the rest, is because the single
Nature is only one; but, when extracting or ignoring one or several of its parts
to study what it is (reduccionism, simplification, present scientifism), instead
of the reality, we are working with a dummy, a resemblance, but absolutely with
which we wished, and can get to confuse the pine with the forest.
Given the uniqueness whereupon the Nature works we have good reasons to
raise as initial hypothesis the existence of analogies between the atomic
systems and the planetarians (to the inverse it was in the historical
development of the theories in atomistic).
The important thing is that nothing prevents us - on the contrary, it
seems most logical and sensible to have in mind that the different elements from
the Solar System work in an integrated way and are hierarchized in an unique
whole – in the same way that it does an atoms, saving the scale differences
and nature of the intervening forces -; beyond the dry concepts of orbit, mass,
energy and hamiltonians whereupon Celestial Mechanics describes the planetary
movement, this one also responds to one richer and complex network of fields,
hardly modelable in theories - we do not forget, a theory is a scheme of the
reality, but not the reality itself
– with continuous interchanges of information between all parts to which its
dynamism is linked.
The birth of a Solar System arises from an accidental condensation of
matter in chaotic state that begins to turn with increasing degree of
organization, it continues structuring itself in rings and it finishes "
crystallizing " in a series of bodies with orbits, periods and distances to
the mass center, well determined . From
this point of view, we can consider the Solar System like a great oscillator
(similarity of atoms) and to planets and satellites like individual oscillating; in other words, it is reasonable to describe it in undulatory
terms, yet what it entails (interchange of energy by resonance between some of
its parts, etc.).
But the Solar System is not an eternal machine, nor a perfect clock, as
they supposed the aristotelian and the great mathematicians who continued the
works of
We know that the amazing regularity that we observed in the planetary
movement is not as solid as it thought and nothing prevents that phenomena of
chaotic type may occur sometimes causing important jumps in the behavior of the
System. We observed in atoms
something similar: they are stable,
but, in a set of them, we have statistical distributions of radioactive
decomposition. In other words, as much the atomic buildings, the Solar System
can get to critical states causing substantial transformations from time to
time.
The important thing for us here and now is that nothing happens in a
separate way. Neither the particle moves at random in the atom nor the planet in
its System. Both constitute a part of a whole that interchanges energy with its
surroundings and evolves entirely, connected, in other words, to its constituent
elements. Anything of them work isolate of the others. Each part acts over the
whole and vice versa, both the part and the whole are evolving together, that is
the main characteristic of dynamic systems and alive beings, the interaction
continued and permanent transformation, apparently discontinuous, with
intercritical periods of certain relative stability and abrupt jumps in the
evolution during the critical points. Phenomena of accumulation and positive
feedback are a distinctive
characteristic of the complex dynamic systems, that we are treating (Solar
System and connection terrestrial atmosphere-ocean-continents).
Can we be sure that this connection, the main cause of the development of
climatic sequences, has anything to do with the global evolution of that complex
system of masses and fields that the Solar System constitutes?
Is the weakness of planetary influence a reason enough to consider it
negligible? Still in this case, the accumulation effect would cause that, along
a sufficient time, the sum of weak pulses could take appreciable values, and
therefore to get transforming capacity. We
must not forget we are talking of climatic variability, with periods superior to
one year, which makes more viable the intervention of planetary dynamics
(resonant cycles of middle period with them).
In any case we have two incontrovertible governing principles to
undertake our investigation: the Uniqueness of the Nature - non-independence and
non-separativity between the parts - and the one of resonance, always applicable
when we dealt with undulatory phenomena (oscillating, cycles). In this
perspective, that planetary dynamics can have verifiable effects in the
development of climatic variability, it does not constitute a visionary dream,
but an expectable reality.
Planets as oscillators
Modern atomists summarize in seven the number of electronic levels of
atoms, and with the same value ancient astronomers quantified the number of
planetary spheres to explain his system of the world (although some modern
astronomers and physicists have boasted themselves of the ignorance of our
ancestors, which did not know the existence of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto).
The coincidence does not seem a chance, nor either which we find seven
colors in the visible spectrum of light (approximately one octave), and also
seven major notes in the musical scale. On the contrary, this coincidence
insinuates that we are before a cosmological reality, before the intimate
structure of the material universe.
We are dealing with waves, so the ancient talk about
" music of the spheres "; let us remember that " music
" means in the past " Acoustics " or " Physics of the Sound
" and little had to do with the aesthetic one, as are suggested to us.
Ancients supposed that the turn of the sky and its spheres emitted one "
melody ", inaudible for us, but real, verifiable cause of tuning, resonance
and physical effects on the Earth. By
the way, let see the existing relation between the denominations of musical
notes and Astronomy:
Note
Latin Denomination
Meant
Do Dominus God
Re
Mi
Mistus Orbis
Earth
Fa
Fatum
Destiny
Sol
Sun
Sun
In the past, most of astronomers, of Ptolemy to Kepler, or
mathematicians, as was Nicomacus the Pythagorean, tried to explain the planetary
effect on the Earth by means of musical theories; an important personage in the
history of science as Ptolemy dedicated a work exclusively to this subject, Harmonicas.
(17) Nicomacus the Pythagorean wrote The Manual of harmonics (18)
and Kepler the already
mentioned Harmonices mundi.
We must remember here that “cosmos” is a Greek term that means "
beautiful ", " adornment", but not in the aesthetic sense that we
give these terms today. Plato talks of the " more beautiful triangle "
in Timeus and others of its
works, but in terms of mathematical harmony, of determined numerical proportions
or relations, not about “aesthetic” that we use today .
Ancients worked with these relatively simple mathematics, as much in
Musical Theory, as in Architecture and Astronomy, as we can see in the effort of
Kepler trying to explain the existing correlations between the distances of
planets to the Sun and their corresponding periods. But now we know that, when
speaking of planetary influence, we are before waves, and our present
mathematical apparatus to deal with them much more powerful that in the past.
We can find many observable astronomical phenomena that
approaches to simple harmonic movement: the ascent and descent of the Sun
in the annual cycle, the one of the Moon in the monthly cycle and the one of
18.6 years (dracontic revolution), the pendulum behavior of Mercury and Venus on
the horizon, etc.
Watched from the Earth (that is to say, if we fix here the origin of our
coordinates system), each planet behaves for us like an oscillator, if we
consider its movement daily and also the sinodic.
Its gravitational, luminous flow, etc. can be described like a wave.
Particularly remarkable it is its behavior in the sinodic cycle: the first
important achievement of any culture in Astronomy has been to determine the
sinodics periods and the existing relations among them (Middle East,
Mercury and Venus (lower planets) present for us the Maxima angular
velocity in the superior conjunction with the Sun; then decelerate slowly and
they finish stopping with respect to the fixed stars (first station, that is
apparent, but real from the Earth). Mercury
does to 17 ° of
distance to the Sun and Venus to 28°
. After
the first station they invest its motion with respect to the fixed star,
accelerate and get the Maxima negative angular speed in the inferior conjunction
with the Sun. Then they decelerate until the second station, to start up and to
accelerate themselves until get again the maximum in a new superior conjunction
with the Sun, etc. As they turn also change its distance with respect to the
Earth, so why we have two cyclical variables, the radial speed and the angular
one.
In the case of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn (upper planets), its Maxima
distance to the Earth and the Maxima angular velocity occurs in the conjunction
with the Sun. Then the Sun advances
them and the upper planets are losing motion slowly until stopping with respect to fixed stars (first station).
Mars does to 135 ° of distance to the Sun, Jupiter to 117 ° and Saturn to 109° . Then they go retrograde, get a maximum of negative
angular speed in the opposition to the Sun (180 ° of angular
distance) and a minimum of distance to the Earth. Surpassed this point they decelerate and finally stop again
(second station) and move in the sense of the signs of the Zodiac again,
accelerating itself until to get another maximum in the next conjunction with
the Sun.
And all this, take will place apart from it happens in the terrestrial
atmosphere and the hydrosphere, both so sensible and fluid?
Will not it have any repercussion in the systems of the great terrestrial
organism? Are we authorized to
imagine that certain phenomena can happen completely independent of the others,
that there are not any nexus of union among them?
The planetary gravitational flow, for example, is so weak in comparison
with the lunar and solar. We estimate that the action of Venus supposes 1/5156
respect the lunar and in the case of Jupiter 1/64.000. But this action has been
present always. Then, can we study
these interactions between planets separately, since we do with a chemical
reaction in its little reactor, or the movement of a simple wharf?
Are applicable such elemental criteria to simple physical-chemical
systems that to the lunar, solar and planetary movements over a so complex
organization and with so many interactive and autoregulators mechanisms of
operation of the sets that integrate the Earth?
There is another way to contemplate the reality that analytical, as it is
to start off of the Principle of Unit, and therefore of the similarity between
the part and the whole, the whole and the part.
Within the human organism, some doctors see in the iris of the eyes the
complete body and conditions of each of the organs; others do it through the
hand, or establish relations between genetic and the digital lines of the palms,
fingerprints and ridges of the skin. Some others through the sole of the foot
(reflexology): they know to stimulate organs and systems manipulating small
zones of hands, feet, ears, etc.
It happens the same to planetary scale in relations of the Earth with the
rest of components of the Solar System? Works
the Solar System as a whole and between the totality and the part exits
relations governed by Principles of resonance and analogy?
In such case it would be necessary to expect for correlations and
synchronisms between certain planetary configurations and phenomena like
climatic variability; by means of the study of the inductive planetary wave, it
would be easy to calculate and predict, the development of the other (induced
terrestrial wave).
Correlation between climatic variability and astronomical cycles
The ancients represented the year means of a serpent that bit the tail;
still we can see it in some traditional forms of the King’s cake. Within a
cycle, as it is known, all points are not equal, nor have the same importance.
If we talk about the annual climatic sequence, it returns to similar conditions
after 365.25 days, but never a climatic year is equal to another one. Now we
know that, in systems where chaotic conditions can occur, as it is the
atmosphere, small variations in the initial conditions can cause very divergent
development of the climatic sequences (climatic variability).
Astronomers in different countries have their criteria to begin the civil
year. However, when begins really the climatic year?
This it is a more arduous problem to solve. The agriculturist year, for
example, who includes the amounts of annual precipitation, begins conventionally
with the month of September, once finalized the dry period of summer.
European proverbs contains very
rich tradition on the determinations that for climate has the weather that does
at certain moments of the year (Meteorognomy, that is to say, Empirical
Meteorology). This oral tradition already were found by medieval Arab
grammarians (19) and we
also know it through Greek parapegmata
(20) Pliny, in his
Natural History refers to us
that
Democritus thinks that the winter will be like has been the solstice
of winter and the next three days, and that the summer will just be like the
June solstice. (21)
To predict the weather in the long term by means of observation of one or
several dates of the year is an universal practice, by means of conventional
calendars (in our case Christian calendar of saints’ days, “cabañuelas”,
“témporas”, etc.) or the
risings and settings of stars (amazonian not westernized cultures, Polynesians,
etc.). So, we can think that ancients distinguished the importance that the
state of the atmosphere at certain moments of the cycle has in the development
of climatic sequences.
Beyond the beliefs and of the appearances, the important fact that
underlies and on that we must reflect is that, from the physical-influential
point of view, the moments of the year are not all equal. For complex systems,
the time is not an abstract continuous variable like we can use for simple
systems .
There are critical moments in the annual climatic cycle of much greater
relevance than the rest, because the behaviour of the atmosphere in those
moments determine the development of the next sequences, due to his own internal
rhythms (as in general happens with the biological clocks in complex organisms).
However, these internal rhythms of climatic sequences depend directly on the
annual solar wave (inductive), that repeats similar to itself every year.
Nevertheless, there are not two equal successive climatic years, which
lead to suspect of the rest of components of the astronomical wave, that is to
say, of the planetary configurations, always different from a year to another.
So weak that those influences can be, if the whole is reflected in the part and
this one in the totality due to the Principles of Unit and Resonance, we have
good reasons for investigate by this way and try to clarify the existing
correlation between the inductive astronomical wave and the terrestrial induced
climatic.
If we can find significant parallelisms between the complex inductive
planetary wave and the induced climatic, this will open the doors to an enormous
field of investigation, with some perspectives that our ancestors did not have
(mathematical tools much more developed and use of computers).
Inductive planetary configurations.
Physical meaning of the
" planetary aspects "
The ancients left us works and a thought that, since there are saying, in
the present time interest more to the linguists that to scientific
investigators. We think that in the ancient legacy there is a hidden treasure
that waits for its unearthers, that is, who know to update the message that
contains by means of the advances of modern science, that is, Physics and
Mathematics. Only in this way we will able surpass definitively the great crisis
that western knowledge experimented between centuries XVII and XVIII, beginning
of modern science with all his profits, but also of deliriums of the mind like
positivism, rationalism and Illustration.
We have spoken of diverse works and authors, and of others we will also
do it throughout the present work. But
all of them agree in the singularity of the planetary conjunctions as
significators of celestial events associated to important changes in the
terrestrial systems:
The Conjunction of planets indicates the transformation of the world
and its things, that therefore are taken at the moment of the Conjunction of the
highest planets and the inferior ones (22) …
You have to know that the great and admirable things happen by the
Conjunction of superior planets, due to the slow movement they present (23)
.
Our objective here is not exposing and justifying all the astrological
doctrine, but showing the way to the reader so that he can understand the value
and usefulness that still contains. The previous quotations distinguish clearly
between planets superior to the Sun (Mars, Jupiter and Venus) and inferior
(Mercury and Jupiter); Abraham Ben
Ezra, the first Jew that introduced in Europe during century XII the system of
positional numeration which we used at the moment anywhere in the world, called
" sovereign " the superior planets. Other authors claim that inferior
planets " obey " to the superior ones, which to the hurried opinion
can be taken by a double silly thing (one, that planets, by their insignificance
for us, can represent some type of influence, and two, that most distant planets
can be those from more remarkable effects).
But the slow planets, although apparently insignificant, with its
movement around us supposes every day a small pulse for the Earth, which is
repeated on the next day from practically the same place of the celestial
sphere, and to the other, and the next week, next month, etc.
Insignificant, like the drop of water that falls on the hard rock and
ends up undermining it with the passage of the years; accumulating a passage on
another one, a cycle on the next one...
The slow planet is like a great spring that loads very little every day,
but step by step supposes a slight compression;
it is equivalent to the slow accumulation of potential energy in other
mechanical systems, so that, after the time, it can be released with apparently
out of proportion effects.
The inferior planet, much more fast, rather implies a pulse of kinetic
energy; from a day to another it has changed the position and its action no
longer falls on the same point. Combined
with the effect of the superior planet is the unchaining agent (“trigger
effect", the token of dominoes that drags all the others). The slow planet
is the one that has previously aligned and put them in conditions for being
swept by a single one of them. Ben
Ezra says "to give the force ", the inferior planet to the superior
one. (24)
Some will ask us for other planets like Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, even
by certain asteroids that others take into consideration.
We have worked with the seven visible planets by rough estimate naked,
and not by simple purism or traditionalism. The ancients represented the world
by seven planetary spheres, and moderns we have found seven electronic levels in
atoms, which, applying the Principle of Analogy, animates to us not to
complicate things more than already they are themselves.
The meeting of two or more planets in a small zone of the sky
(conjunction or stellium) supposes a singularity of the corresponding
astronomical cycles (and its associate influences):
it is the time of the reordering all the harmonics, that start off from
there (an unique point) embracing all the celestial sphere.
But ancient treatises also speak to us of " planetary aspects
", that is to say, of certain values of angular distance between planets,
usually measured throughout the ecliptic (45 ° 60
° 72 ° 90 ° 120
° 180
° and
still others) that suppose compositions or interferences of influences (waves)
of implied planets. We have already said that many authors tried to give account
of this fact, observed from very ancient times, applying the mathematical
apparatus of their time, that is, musical theories and Euclides’ Geometry
(harmonic proportions, Physics of the Sound).
Two Spanish authors have made their contribution in century XX and to
them we sent the reader: The
Theory of Fundamental Equations (25) (Demetrio
Santos) and The Function of Planetary Wave (Miguel García). (26) For
the former planetary aspects suppose a maximum in the divergence of the speed of
vibration of the pairs of harmonics, and therefore moments in which the
connected systems can get into crisis and undergo a drastic transformation (in a
mechanical system the value of the elastic constant of milieu would be
surpassed), with dissipation of energy (transference to milieu) and loss of
amplitude and frequency in the propagation of the wave.
The second author has worked the mathematical parallelisms that present
the functions of Quantum Mechanics
and the waves associated to the positions of the planets:
the planetary aspect is equivalent to the product of the function of wave
per its conjugated, that is to say, to the probability of finding the electron
in a point of the space, that is, to that certain fact related to the spectrum
of rulerships of the planets in aspect become true.
If our initial hypothesis is correct (usefulness of astronomical markers
in long term forecast), they will be this rhythms (planetary conjunctions and
aspects) those that we will use for make a good prediction of beginnings, algid
and final points of climatic spells.
And there is no other way to check our assertion that to verify it by
means of observation.
Global effect and local effect
A question arises immediately: if
the astronomical marker (planet conjunction or aspect) is only one for any part
of the globe, it seems to vanish the smaller possibility of success when we
realize that droughts in some zones occur simultaneously with floods in others,
etc.
For example, when historical colds of February of 1956, the isotherm of
Laponia was more temperate than the one it passed by North Africa; the rare droughts of the Cantabrian cornice usually go
parallel to rainy periods in the Iberian East (1956, 1989, etc.). Usually it
also happens that good weather in the
Global climatic alterations like El Niño (El Niño Southern
Oscillation), the North Atlantic Oscillation and similar implies to the
overturning of habitual areas of high and low pressures, the one of the cycles
of rain and drought according to different zones of the globe.
It is known that the Earth
seems to have a planetary breathing, with phases of inspiration and expiration;
if we paid attention to the complete atmospheric system that constitutes the
North Hemisphere, it corresponds with the interchange of the great zones of high
and low pressure that causes the ascending phase of the Sun (January to June)
and the descendent (July to December).
During the boreal winter the Sun stops on the South Hemisphere (Tropic of
Capricorn) and high pressures occupies then the great continental areas of the
North Hemisphere, very cooled by the lack of insolation (Russia, Siberia, etc.).
Simultaneously, low pressures become stabilized over extensive oceanic waters,
very warm in comparison. These
positions are reversed when the Sun ascends and it becomes stabilized over the
Tropic of Cancer with the arrival of our astronomical summer (low pressures in
continents, very heated, and anticyclonic areas over the oceans, colder in
comparison).
Another atmospheric "respiratory" pulse is the descent of the
zonal circulation of low pressure areas that takes place during the climatic
winter (time of colds, rains and snows), and the ascent that usually occurs at
the end of astronomical spring (for us the arrival of summer stability).
Combination of both rhythms provides the annual climatic sequence for
each zone of the North Hemisphere (similarly happens in the South but at opposed
times of the year). Along areas of middle latitudes as those of the Iberian
Peninsula such movements cause that major meteorological variability takes place
at the times of transition (climatic spring and autumn), indeed the rainy and
windy seasons.
Some years, a great anticyclone blocks the advance of cyclonic fronts for
months, causing a lack of rain, and vice versa, it rains for weeks and months,
breaking statistical averages. And to forecast this type of meteorological
regime is the main aim in the long term prediction. What is hidden behind all
this apparent chaos? Internal
rhythms of the connection atmosphere-ocean-continents?
The simple chance, the physical chaos?
Or, perhaps, can we glimpse some arrangement in the apparent confusion?
We think that exits an inductive ordering in the connection of these
rhythms to the planetarians. To global causes they must also respond global
effects, very diverse from a point of the planet to another, of course.
The key lies in the great trends of the atmospheric circulation (position
of the Jet Stream, wind speed in high layers, zonal circulation, points
of anchorage of the great areas of high and low pressure, etc.). Very small
variations in the values of the wind speed implies to tear off in undulations of
Jet Stream, causing I.D.H.L.s
(Isolated Depression in High Levels), or, on the contrary, that this phenomenon
does not take place. There are some
years in which scarcely to tear off a little number and some others that the
“dripping” is continuous during the autumn.
The problem is complex, very complex, but we thought that little by
little it will be possible to find some associations of facts and progressively
improving both knowledge and predictions. We
are going to make some proposals throughout this work, always applied to the
geographic surroundings of the Iberian Peninsula;
others will be able to use such marking to see correlations in others
areas of globe.
The ancients worked the concept of rulership (signs of the Zodiac on
certain regions, planets and winds, etc.), but how we can much more extend the
idea (values of planetary angular speeds, gradients, composition of waves and
harmonics, etc.). The ancients also applied the doctrine of Sorts (the Sort of
rain, for example, in Meteorology), that today we know as amazing arithmetic
operations of the positions of planets. Miguel García, Spanish mathematician
and astrologer has suggested that this operations were additions and
subtractions of vectors (planetary positions) made in times when the complex
numbers were not known.
We must not think about simplistic correlations as to associate such
planetary conjunction or such aspects to such facts on a concrete Earth area, so
that with the next similar configuration it will be expectable a repetition of
previous climatic history. The great number of variables to include in planetary
waves that receives the Earth causes that its composition is never repeated,
and, if even so it were, hardly would find the terrestrial sets tunned with it
in the same state of the previous occasion. It is well known by the students of
cosmic influences that planetary cycles are never closed on themselves, so the
difficulty to make impeccable systematic predictions by means of the use of
astronomical markers. Even so, we have open before us an ample line of work and
investigation.
We will finish this article with the words of a Spanish meteorologist who
worked the subject of atmospheric rhythms:
We can imagine the atmosphere like a gigantic " sonorous tube
" in which contractions and expansions follow one another.
First they are the formation of high pressure or anticyclones and the
second formation of low pressure or storms.
Both systems as it is known are related intimately to the evolution of
the local weather conditions.
If in fact the hydrodynamics laws are fulfilled,
atmospheric “flute” must be interpreting something as well as
mysterious melody, excessively complicated but, of course, non chaotic (27)
..
In any case, to work with planetary influences, although extremely weak,
seems to us more judicious and useful than to resort to simple statistics or the
blind treatment of the registries of meteorological observatories.
Notes
1. - The present
calculations indicate a variation in the inclination of the terrestrial axis
between 21 ° 39´ and 24 ° 27´con period of about 40,000 years;
the eccentricity of 92,000 orbit and the precession about 26,000 years.
2. - Of this congress it
gives to the news the Father Ignacio Puig, S.J. in his work lunar Influences,
published in Buenos Aires in
1942. This personage did not have
to present/display no doubt for anybody, because he was assistant director of
the Observatory of the Ebro (
3. - Present English edition
in the collection Islamic Philosophy, Theology exists and Science. Text and Studies. Edited
by H. Daiber and D. Pingree, Volume XXXIII.
Brill.
4. - Castilian edition of
the same one exists. Johannes
Kepler. The secret of the
universe Publishing
5. - Published by the
National Institute of Meteorology.
6. - Innocent Font Tullot.
History of the climate in
7. - Ídem, pág.
142.
8. - Ídem notices previous.
9. - Book of the Cruzes Edition
of Lloyd To Kasten and
10. - In addition to the
mentioned one in the previous note there are two independent Arab manuscripts in
the Library of the Monastery of the Escorial, in Madrid, translated the
Castilian: Arab texts of the
" Book of the Crosses ", Alfonso
X, by Rafael Muñoz. In Texts and
studies on Spanish Astronomy in century XIII.
Published by Juan Vernet. Faculty
of Philosophy and Letters. Independent
11. - Mentioned by Demetrio
Santos in Introduction to the History of the Astrology.
12. - Of this second work
exists relatively recent French translation:
Jean Kepler, L'harmonie du monde.
Translation of Jean Peyroux. Éditions Bergeret.
13. - Recent Castilian
translation of this work exists: Johannes Kepler.
Of the very certain foundations of the Astrology.
Gracentro Editions.
14. - To see in this respect
the work of Thomas Digges A perfect description of the celestial spheres according
to the ancient doctrine of the Pythagoreans, recently
reviewed by Copernic and credited by means of geometric demonstrations (London,
1576). Modern Castilian edition,
with translation, introduction and notes of Alberto Elena.
15. - The commentaries are
advisable in this respect on the subject of the Cordovan Jew Maimónides in
their Guide of perplex, since
it crosses the opinion of Aristotle the one of his own tradition. Edition prepared by David Gonzalo Maeso.
National Publisher.
16. -
17. - Recent Castilian
version exists: Claudius Ptolemy. Harmonicas. Translation
and notes of Demetrio Santos. Miguel
Gómez Editions.
18. - English version of
this work exists: Manual The of
Harmonics of Nichomachus the Pythagorean Translation
and commentary by Flora R. Levin. Phanes
Press.
19. - To see in this respect
Treated on anwá and the times. Chapter
on the months. Ibn Asim. Study, translation and critical edition by Miquel
Nogués. Superior Council of Scientific Researches.
20. - To consult in this
respect Introduction to the phenomena, of
Geminus. Introduction, translation
and notes of Esteban Calderón Dorda. Gredos
Editorial.
21. - In 18.62.12.
22. - Messahallah. On the reception of planets.
Second Part. Translation
of Demetrio Santos. Barath
Editorial.
23. - Ídem, CAP 9.
24. - Book of the
judgments of stars Publishing
Library of Sirventa (
25. - Demetrio Santos.
Theoretical Astrology. Fundamental Equations.
Barath Editorial.
26. -
Miguel García Ferrández. Harmonic
suite. Notebooks of
Astrological Investigation Mercurio-3 nº 6. Barcelona, 1997.
27. - Manuel Ledesma Jimeno.
Aerorhytms on the